মঙ্গলবার, ৩০ অক্টোবর, ২০১২

Gas prices jump as refineries shut ahead of storm

Mike Groll / AP

Motorists fill their vehicles and and gas cans in preparation for Hurricane Sandy Monday in Middleburgh, N.Y. Gas prices are likely to rise in the region until area refineries can safely reopen.

By Reuters

The supply of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel into the East Coast ground virtually to a halt Monday as Hurricane Sandy forced the closure of two-thirds of the region's refineries, its biggest pipeline, and most major ports.

Gasoline prices jumped as much as 11 cents a gallon on commodities markets as traders feared that power outages and flooding could leave refiners struggling to restore operations after the broadest storm ever to hit the United States. Prices later pared gains to close up about 6 cents a gallon at $2.757.

As Sandy neared the coast refinery, pipeline, port and terminal operators shuttered or reduced operations, increasing the risk that bottlenecks would keep fuel supplies from reaching customers.

"Given the recent tightness of supplies in New York Harbor, this weather event is only likely to perpetuate strength in gasoline prices," BNP Paribas oil analysts Harry Tchilinguirian and Gareth Lewis-Davies said in a research note.

Colonial Pipeline, the nation's largest oil products pipeline that connects the East Coast to Gulf Coast refiners, was set to close its main line to Philadelphia and New York, halting delivery of up to 15 percent of the region's fuel demand.

Nearly 70 percent of the region's refining capacity was on track to be idled. Phillips 66
confirmed it had completely shut its giant Bayway, N.J., refinery, the area's second-largest plant, known as the "gasoline machine" for its key role supplying motor fuel to the New York City area.


Philadelphia Energy Solutions began the precautionary closure of key units at its Philadelphia refinery, the region's biggest.

"Many of the process units have been shut down, others are in 'standby,' and the remainder have been brought to their minimum safe operating levels," said spokeswoman Cherice Corley.

The storm comes as low inventories of refined products have stirred concerns of potential price spikes during the winter heating season.

The precautionary refinery closures are more widespread than during Hurricane Irene in August 2011, when only the Bayway plant shut completely.

While refiners escaped any serious damage during that hurricane, many fear Sandy's massive storm surge -- forecast to be as high as 11 feet -- could breach plant defenses and cause damaging flooding, which can sometimes take weeks to repair. Abrupt power outages also can damage refinery equipment.?

Discussing how Hurricane Sandy could impact energy prices in the Northeast, with Matt Smith, Energy Burrito blog author.

Copyright 2011 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

Source: http://bottomline.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/10/29/14786125-gas-prices-jump-as-refineries-shut-ahead-of-storm?lite

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সোমবার, ২৯ অক্টোবর, ২০১২

Pushing genome data analysis one step forward

ScienceDaily (Oct. 28, 2012) ? Due to the exponential increase in sequencing capacity, efficient tools for data analysis are becoming essential to process the vast amount of biological data. The GEM project, led by Paolo Ribeca from the Centro Nacional de An?lisis Gen?mico (CNAG) and including scientists from this center and the Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), allowed the development of a tool for the interpretation of genomic data that is several times faster and much more accurate than other tools currently being used.

The study has been published in the journal Nature Methods.

If we use the well-known comparison of the genome with a book, then we can say without fear of being wrong that it is a very complicated book. It is thousands of times bigger than a regular book, with more than 3 billion letters in total, each one being an A, C, G or T, as per the four possible bases of the DNA code. One can see the genome as a sequence of millions of words without breaks between them nor capitalization nor punctuation. Most words occur only once in the genome, but some can be found thousands of times with small variations. And reading this book gets even more complicated when you can only see short sentences with few words, each one randomly extracted from the book.

Last generation sequencing techniques used at the CNAG and the CRG, involve breaking the genome into small pieces (alike to short sentences from the book), sequencing such pieces and trying to find them back in the genome. The next step, mandatory in most biological experiments, would be assigning the sentences to their correct original location. However, this can be an extremely difficult task: sentences might be misspelled (sequencing is not a perfect process, and introduces errors) or slightly different (the genome of the individual being sequenced usually contains small variations if compared to the reference one). In addition, each sequencing experiment produces billions of short sentences.

This is the starting point that led some researchers at the CRG and the CNAG to design a computer program that helps to find sequences in the reference genome, quickly and accurately: such tools, called 'mappers', are essential to interpret data in genomic studies, as they represent the first analysis step for many biological experiments. After 5 years of development the result is the GEM (Genomic Multitool) mapper.

The GEM mapper is several times faster than other reference programs in the field and delivers breathtaking performance, matching into the huge human genome of reference about 40 million sequences per hour on a single CPU core. As it uses algorithms that guarantee that it doesn?t miss matches, GEM is also much more accurate than other comparable programs. In addition, GEM allows the parameters of the search to be tuned to the specific requirements of the biological experiment being performed, offering a versatility that cannot be achieved with most existing tools.

The good performance profile of GEM will help to face a practical problem: the dramatic increase in the amount of sequencing data. As an example, the CNAG started operations in 2010 with a park of 12 second generation sequencers that generated roughly 50 Gbases per day. Thanks to the recent spectacular advances in sequencing technology, today, only 2 and a half years after, the CNAG generates almost 20 times more data with the same number of sequencing machines. However, it would have been impossible to increase the computing resources of the CNAG accordingly (and this is a problem common to biomedical research everywhere in the world). Hence, the development of more efficient analysis tools like GEM is essential to keep up with the increasing rate of production.

The GEM tools are a neat example of excellence research, and a world-class tool, entirely developed in Spain; although the project is lead by an Italian team member, the whole work has been carried out in Barcelona. This accomplishment was made possible by the very early adoption of next-generation sequencing machines at the CRG (in 2008), and the subsequent sustained investment in sequencing technologies by the Catalan and Spanish governments that culminated in the creation of the CNAG.

The research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Educaci?n y Ciencia (Consolider program), by the US National Institutes of Health/National Human Genome Research Institute, and by the European Union (READNA and ESGI programs).

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Centre for Genomic Regulation, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

  1. Marco-Sola S, Sammeth M, Guig? R and Ribeca P. The GEM mapper: fast, accurate and versatile alignment by filtration. Nat. Methods, 2012 DOI: 10.1038/NMETH.2221

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/L46guf0r71M/121028142215.htm

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Resistance Band Exercises for Leg | Bodybuilding, Supplements ...


Squats

Stand with your feet shoulder width apart.
Grab the handles of the band and raise your hands about shoulder height with your palms facing forward and elbows pointed to the ground to create tension.
*If your band is shorter, grab the handles and place your hands at your side to create tension.
Slowly bend your knees and lower your body into a squat position, keeping your back straight.
Rise back up to starting position.
Repeat 10-20 times and do 3-5 sets (beginners do 1-2 sets).

Outer Thigh Stretch

Loop one handle around your right ankle and stand on the band with both feet together.
Hold the other handle in your left hand.
Slowly raise your right leg out to the side and make sure you keep your body stable.
Lower back down and repeat 10-20 times and do 3-5 sets (beginners do 1-2 sets).
Then alternate and do left leg.

Inner Thigh Stretch

Wrap center of the band around a stable object about knee high.
Loop both handles around your right ankle and stand on your left leg. Your right leg should be next to the object and off the ground so there is tension in the band.
Slowly pull your right leg in toward your left leg and then back out.
Repeat 10-20 times and do 3-5 sets (beginners do 1-2 sets).
Then alternate and do left leg.

Calf Raises

With the balls of your feet, stand on the center of the band and feet slightly apart.
Standing upright, grab the handles of the band or lower to create tension.
Slowly raise your heels off the floor and then back down.
Repeat 10-20 times and do 3-5 sets (beginners do 1-2 sets).

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